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Cyber Threat
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Ransomware victim Energy & Utilities

Red Star Oil

Listed by Play on · organisation based in Serbia

www.redstaroil.com

Disclosed
Sep 8, 2026
Leak-site listing date
Threat group
Play
1,002 victims listed
Country
Serbia
#81 most targeted
Sector
Energy & Utilities

ThreatAI analysis

Compiled from this incident record and the threat intelligence profile for Play. Figures and technique mappings are quoted from the source data, not inferred.

About the Play group

Initially observed in June 2022, the Play ransomware (a.k.a PlayCrypt) operates through double extortion, targeting numerous organizations in Latin America. Its Initial Access method is quite similar to other ransomwares, involving attacks such as Phishing, Exposed Services to the Internet, and Valid Account compromises. On April 19, 2023, the security company Symantec published two new tools developed by the Play group. These tools allow the malicious actor to enumerate and exfiltrate data from the internal network. The post mentions the following: 'Play threat actors use the .NET infostealer to enumerate software and services via WMI, WinRM, Remote Registry, and Remote Service. The malware checks for the existence of security and backup software, as well as remote administration tools and other programs, saving the information in .CSV files that are compressed into a .ZIP file for late Play has listed 1,324 victims since November 2022.

How Play is documented to operate

Valid Accounts T1078 Stealth Persistence

Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access, network devices, and remote desktop. Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network.

Mitigations: Application Developer Guidance, User Training, Password Policies, User Account Management, Privileged Account Management, Multi-factor Authentication

MITRE ATT&CK reference
External Remote Services T1133 Persistence Initial Access

Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resources from external locations. There are often remote service gateways that manage connections and credential authentication for these services. Services such as Windows Remote Management and VNC can also be used externally. Access to Valid Accounts to use the service is often a requirement, which could be obtained through credential pharming or by obtaining the credentials from users after compromising the enterprise network.

Mitigations: Limit Access to Resource Over Network, Restrict Web-Based Content, Network Segmentation, Multi-factor Authentication, Disable or Remove Feature or Program

MITRE ATT&CK reference
Exploit Public-Facing Application T1190 Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network. The weakness in the system can be a software bug, a temporary glitch, or a misconfiguration. Exploited applications are often websites/web servers, but can also include databases (like SQL), standard services (like SMB or SSH), network device administration and management protocols (like SNMP and Smart Install), and any other system with Internet-accessible open sockets. On ESXi infrastructure, adversaries may exploit exposed OpenSLP services; they may alternatively exploit exposed VMware vCenter servers.

Mitigations: Vulnerability Scanning, Limit Access to Resource Over Network, Filter Network Traffic, Network Segmentation, Privileged Account Management, Application Isolation and Sandboxing

MITRE ATT&CK reference

MITRE ATT&CK techniques attributed to Play across its recorded activity, not a finding about how Red Star Oil was reached.

Incident analysis

Red Star Oil was listed by Play ransomware, a group with 1,002 victims recorded in this database. The listing appeared on the group's leak site on September 8, 2026.

Red Star Oil is based in Serbia and operates in the Energy & Utilities sector. Serbia ranks #81 worldwide for ransomware disclosures, with 12 victims in this database.

Sector context. Organisations in this sector hold valuable data and operational systems that ransomware groups seek to exploit for financial gain through encryption and data exfiltration.

Play typically follows a double extortion model: data is exfiltrated from the victim's systems before files are encrypted, so the victim faces two demands at once — pay to restore access, and pay to keep stolen data unpublished. The leak site, where this listing appeared, is the lever for the second demand.

Source. Public leak-site disclosures aggregated via the ransomware.live API. The disclosure date is when the listing was published, which can differ from the date of compromise. This site does not publish or link to stolen data. Last updated .

Frequently asked questions

Was Red Star Oil attacked by ransomware?

Yes. Red Star Oil was listed as a victim of the Play ransomware group on September 8, 2026. The organisation is based in Serbia and operates in the Energy & Utilities sector. The disclosure appeared on the group's dark web leak site.

Which ransomware group attacked Red Star Oil?

Red Star Oil was attacked by Play ransomware. Play is one of the most active ransomware groups, having claimed 1,002 victims globally. The group typically employs a double-extortion model: encrypting the victim's files and threatening to publish stolen data.

When did the Red Star Oil ransomware attack occur?

The ransomware attack on Red Star Oil was disclosed on September 8, 2026. This date reflects when the victim was published on the threat group's leak site, which may differ from the actual date of initial compromise.

What data was stolen in the Red Star Oil ransomware attack?

The specific data stolen from Red Star Oil has not been independently verified by this platform. Ransomware groups typically exfiltrate data before encrypting systems and use the threat of publication to pressure victims. As a Energy & Utilities organisation, Red Star Oil likely held sensitive business data, client information, and operational records.

How can organisations protect against Play attacks?

To defend against Play and similar threat actors, organisations should: maintain regular offline backups tested for restoration; implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement; deploy multi-factor authentication on all remote access; use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools; conduct regular phishing and security awareness training; and monitor threat intelligence feeds for indicators of compromise (IOCs) associated with active groups.